VSP (Espaldera Baja or Espaldera Alta in Spanish)

VSP meaning in Spanish vine training

VSP (Vertical Shoot Positioning), known as Espaldera Baja or Espaldera Alta in Spanish, is the most prevalent modern viticultural training method in South America, introduced by French consultant winemakers during the 20th century. This system trains vines along horizontal wire frameworks to create a vertical, narrow canopy with the fruiting zone positioned below. The two variants differ in canopy height: Espaldera Alta permits vegetation growth up to one meter, while Espaldera Baja restricts growth to approximately 60 centimeters. VSP naturally controls yields and ensures uniform positioning of both canopy and grape clusters, facilitating essential vineyard operations including pruning and harvesting, whether conducted manually or mechanically. The system enables precise control of solar exposure and ventilation, significantly reducing disease pressure and rot risk. However, in South America’s intense sunlight conditions, VSP can potentially overexpose grape bunches, requiring careful canopy management. This training method has become fundamental to modern South American viticulture, particularly in countries like Uruguay, Argentina, and Chile, where it balances operational efficiency with quality grape production while adapting to the continent’s diverse climatic challenges.